Do Market Capitalisation and Stocks Traded Converge? New Global Evidence

In this paper, we examine convergence of stocks markets. Our empirical exercise is based on 12 different panels, including a full panel consisting of 120 countries and disaggregated panels, such as high income, middle income, low income, OECD, CSI, and developing countries. In addition, we used regional panels, such as those representing the Arab States, East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Our main finding is that, based on the conditional convergence model, convergence of stock market capitalization and stocks traded is found for five panels, namely the all country panel, the high and low income panels, the OECD panel, and the Sub-Saharan African panel. The speed of convergence is high, in most cases between 20-30 per cent.G15.

Investigating the Relationship between Health and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Panel of 5 Asian Countries

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between health and economic growth through including investment, exports, imports, and research and development (R&D), for 5 Asian countries using panel unit root, panel cointegration with structural breaks and panel long-run estimator for the period 1974-2007. We model this relationship within the production function framework, and unravel two important results. First, we find that in three variants of the growth model, variables share a long-run relationship; that is, they are cointegrated. Second, we find that in the long-run, while health, investment, exports, and R&D have contributed positively to economic growth, imports have had a statistically significant negative effect while education has had an insignificant effect. We draw important policy implications from these findings.Health; Economic Growth; Panel Unit Root; Panel Cointegration.

Pregnancy outcome of external cephalic version in singleton pregnancy with breech presentation at term

Background: Breech delivery is associated with poor perinatal outcomes irrespective of the route of delivery. External cephalic version can be a useful tool in management of breech presentation at term by converting it to a cephalic presentation. A study was conducted to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcome of external cephalic version in singleton pregnancies with breech presentation in third trimester.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. This study included a total of 65 uncomplicated cases of breech presentation who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. External cephalic version was carried out after 36 weeks of period of gestation in primigravida and after 37 weeks in multigravida women. These patients were followed up till delivery and data was collected and analysed regarding the mode of delivery, maternal and fetal outcome.Results: External cephalic version was successful in 41 patients with a success rate of 63%. Out of them, vaginal delivery could be achieved in 31 cases (75.6%) and LSCS was done for rest of the 10 cases. The success rate was higher in multigravida ladies compared to primigravida ladies. No major procedure related adverse event was noticed in our study.Conclusions: External cephalic version is a very safe and easy procedure which can reduce the rate of cesarean delivery in singleton pregnancies with breech presentation. The results of this study are in favor of wider practice of this procedure in selected cases

Adnexal torsion in a heterotopic pregnancy: a rare clinical entity with diagnostic dilemma

Adnexal torsion is an uncommon cause of surgical emergency during pregnancy. Its incidence is 1 in 5000 pregnancies, occurring more frequently in the first trimester after ovarian hyper stimulation. Heterotopic pregnancy is also a rare entity and cause pain abdomen but without the classical symptom of bleeding per vaginum. Heterotopic pregnancy with adnexal torsion is extremely rare but increases the case fatality rate. Hence the differential diagnosis of pain abdomen during early pregnancy both may be considered and it should not be forgotten that adnexal torsion may occur in absence of ovarian cyst. We report a case of adnexal torsion that was successfully managed by laparoscopy followed by laparotomy during pregnancy and diagnosed as a heterotopic pregnancy after getting the histopathological report. A 24-year-old G2P1 admitted to LR of SCBMCH at 4 weeks of GA with severe left abdominal pain and nausea for one day. Her vitals were stable. There was tenderness on the left iliac fossa with cervical motion tenderness and left POD fullness and tenderness, TAS visualized a foetus in utero with GA of 7 weeks and a hyperechoic mass of 6 x 6 cm on left side. Laparotomy done as the mass was gangrenous, enlarged and haemorhagic. Total salpingo oophorectomy of left side was done. Postoperative period was uneventful and managed with progesterone to continue the pregnancy. Histopathology report confirmed heterotopic pregnancy. This case suggests that clinicians should suspect both heterotopic pregnancy and adnexal torsion while evaluating pregnant patients with pain abdomen

A Rare Malignant Triton Tumor

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, malignant triton tumor, has a rare incidence. We report such a case in a 40-year-old male who presented with a mass over the buttock. He was a previously diagnosed case of neurofibroma in the same area. Histomorphology supported by immunostaining with S-100 protein confirmed the diagnosis. Malignant triton tumor has a poor prognosis owing to its aggressive biological behavior. The fact that the presence of this tumor in the buttock region is extremely rare has prompted the authors to report this case

Utilization of mechanical power and associations with clinical outcomes in brain injured patients: a secondary analysis of the extubation strategies in neuro-intensive care unit patients and associations with outcome (ENIO) trial

Background: There is insufficient evidence to guide ventilatory targets in acute brain injury (ABI). Recent studies have shown associations between mechanical power (MP) and mortality in critical care populations. We aimed to describe MP in ventilated patients with ABI, and evaluate associations between MP and clinical outcomes. Methods: In this preplanned, secondary analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational cohort study (ENIO, NCT03400904), we included adult patients with ABI (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12 before intubation) who required mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥ 24 h. Using multivariable log binomial regressions, we separately assessed associations between MP on hospital day (HD)1, HD3, HD7 and clinical outcomes: hospital mortality, need for reintubation, tracheostomy placement, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results: We included 1217 patients (mean age 51.2 years [SD 18.1], 66% male, mean body mass index [BMI] 26.3 [SD 5.18]) hospitalized at 62 intensive care units in 18 countries. Hospital mortality was 11% (n = 139), 44% (n = 536) were extubated by HD7 of which 20% (107/536) required reintubation, 28% (n = 340) underwent tracheostomy placement, and 9% (n = 114) developed ARDS. The median MP on HD1, HD3, and HD7 was 11.9 J/min [IQR 9.2-15.1], 13 J/min [IQR 10-17], and 14 J/min [IQR 11-20], respectively. MP was overall higher in patients with ARDS, especially those with higher ARDS severity. After controlling for same-day pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio), BMI, and neurological severity, MP at HD1, HD3, and HD7 was independently associated with hospital mortality, reintubation and tracheostomy placement. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) was greater at higher MP, and strongest for: mortality on HD1 (compared to the HD1 median MP 11.9 J/min, aRR at 17 J/min was 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.30) and HD3 (1.38, 95% CI 1.23-1.53), reintubation on HD1 (1.64; 95% CI 1.57-1.72), and tracheostomy on HD7 (1.53; 95%CI 1.18-1.99). MP was associated with the development of moderate-severe ARDS on HD1 (2.07; 95% CI 1.56-2.78) and HD3 (1.76; 95% CI 1.41-2.22). Conclusions: Exposure to high MP during the first week of MV is associated with poor clinical outcomes in ABI, independent of P/F ratio and neurological severity. Potential benefits of optimizing ventilator settings to limit MP warrant further investigation

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Business Finance

Online version of the resource: https://oercollective.caul.edu.au/business-finance/ The purpose of this OER is to explain business finance concepts to students in a simplified manner without overwhelming them with too much content. While this resource is written from the Australian perspective using Australian examples, the content of the resource is international in nature. Our students are from a wide range of countries and it is intended that the resource be useful in these environments.Attribution: Business Finance by Sagarika Mishra (Deakin University) CC BY NC 4.0 International License,</p